Immunoglobulins, commonly known as antibodies, are a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are primarily produced by plasma cells and are essential for fighting infections caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Among all immunoglobulins, IgG is the most abundant, making up approximately 70% of the gamma globulin fraction in human blood. This class of antibody is particularly important because it provides long-term immunity and can cross the placenta to protect newborns.
IgG molecules are composed of four polypeptide chains: two heavy chains and two light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. Each IgG molecule has a molecular weight of around 150,000 Daltons and contains about 2-3% carbohydrates. These antibodies are not only effective at neutralizing pathogens but also assist in activating other components of the immune system, such as complement proteins and phagocytic cells.
In addition to IgG, there are four other major types of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM. While each has unique functions, IgG remains the dominant one in serum and is often the first line of defense during secondary immune responses. For example, IgG helps prevent infections like measles and hepatitis by enhancing the body's ability to recognize and eliminate harmful agents.
Although immunoglobulins are generally protective, they can sometimes contribute to disease. In cases of allergic reactions, such as those caused by pollen or penicillin, IgE antibodies trigger the release of histamines, leading to symptoms like hives, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Despite these risks, purified immunoglobulin preparations are widely used in medicine to boost immunity and treat various conditions.
These preparations, including human serum and gamma globulin derived from placental sources, are administered to patients to provide passive immunity against infectious diseases. Overall, immunoglobulins are vital components of the immune system, offering both protection and regulation in the body's ongoing battle against pathogens.
Backlight Power Meter Socket
WARNING!
Do not plug two or more meters together!
IMPORTANT
Don't plug in an appliance where the load
exceeds 16 Amp. Always ensure the plug of any appliance is fully
inserted into the meter outlet. If cleaning of the meter is required,
remove from mains power and wipe meter with a dry cloth.
KEYBOARD DEFINITION
1). SET: Set price with button UP.
2). MODE: Exchange display state.
3). UP: Set price combined with button SET.
GENERAL FEATURES
1).Display line power.
2).Display and memory accumulative total power quantity.
3).Display and memory total power charge of price.
THE DATA DISPLAY
Press MODE button the data displays as follows:
W →KWh →PRICE →COST/KWH
↑_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _↓
1). Plug in socket and power on, the meter will display real power.
2). Press MODE button once again and release, the meter will display accumulative KWh.
3). Press MODE button once again and release, the meter will display total power charge.
4). Press MODE button once again and release, the meter will display COST/KWH.
SETTING PRICE OF COST/KWH
1). Press SET button during display COST/KWH,the first digital COST/KWH flash, press UP button to set it.
2). Press SET button once again and release, the second digital COST/KWH flash, press UP button to set it.
3). Press SET button once again and release, the third COST/KWH flash, press UP button to set it.
4). Press SET button once again and release, the fourth COST/KWH flash, press UP button to set it.
5). Press SET button once again and release, the radix point COST/KWH flash, press UP button to set it.
DATA CLEAR
Press and hold MODE button for 5 seconds will clear KWH,PRICE and COST/KWH data.
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