The role of immune proteins - Database & Sql Blog Articles

Immunoglobulins, commonly referred to as antibodies, are a group of proteins produced by the immune system that play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. They are primarily found in the blood plasma and make up a significant portion of the gamma globulin fraction. Among the five major classes—IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE—**IgG** is the most abundant, accounting for approximately 70-80% of all immunoglobulins in the bloodstream. This class is particularly important because it provides long-term immunity and can cross the placenta to protect newborns. IgG molecules are composed of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains (each weighing about 50,000 Daltons) and two identical light chains (around 25,000 Daltons). These chains are linked by disulfide bonds, forming a Y-shaped structure that allows the antibody to bind specifically to antigens. When an antigen enters the body, B cells produce IgG antibodies that recognize and neutralize the threat by forming antigen-antibody complexes. This process helps prevent infections and supports the development of the immune system. In addition to its protective role, IgG also plays a key part in immune memory, enabling the body to respond more effectively to previously encountered pathogens. In medical practice, IgG-based preparations such as gamma globulin or human serum immunoglobulin are used to boost immunity and treat conditions like viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain allergies. While IgG is largely beneficial, other immunoglobulins like IgE can contribute to allergic reactions. For example, IgE triggers histamine release during allergic responses to substances like pollen or penicillin, leading to symptoms such as hives, bronchospasm, or even anaphylaxis. Understanding the different types of immunoglobulins helps scientists and doctors develop targeted therapies and vaccines to enhance immune protection and manage disease.

Digital Timer Switch Socket

Instruction Manual

1. Features

Clock display, 10 sets of adjustable timed power control, randomized power control, manual switch and optional DST setup.

2. First time charging

This timer contains a rechargeable battery. It is normal that the new/old model runs out of battery if it wasn`t being charged for a long period of time. In this case, the screen will not turn on.

To charge : simply plug the timer to a power outlet. The charging time should take at least 15 minutes.

If the screen doesn`t light up or displays garbled characters, simply reboot the system by pressing the [RESET" button.

3. Set clock

Hold [CLOCK" button and [WEEK" button to adjust week.

Hold [CLOCK" button and [HOUR" button to adjust hour.

Hold [CLOCK" button and [MINUTE" button to adjust minute.

Hold [CLOCK" button and [TIMER" button to select 12 hour/24 hour display.

Hold [CLOCK" button and [ON/AUTO/OFF" button to enable/disable DST (daylight-saving-time).

4. Set timer

Press [TIMER" button, select and set timer. Setting rotation : 1on, 1off, 2on, 2off, ...... , 10on, 10off.

Press [HOUR" button to set hour for timer.

Press [MIN" button to set minute for timer.

Press [WEEK" button to set weekday for timer. Multiple weekdays can be selected. ex: if selected [MO", the timer will only apply on every Monday; if selected [ MO, WE, FR", the timer will apply on every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

Press [RES/RCL" button to cancel the selected on or off timer. The screen will show "-- -- : -- --" , the timer is canceled.

Press [RES/RCL" button again to reactivate the timer.

When timers are set, press [CLOCK" to quit timer setting and return to clock.

5. Random function

Press [RANDOM" button to activate random function, press again to cancel function.

System only runs random function when [AUTO" is on.

Random function will automatically start the timer from 2 to 32 minutes after the setting.

ex : if timer 1on was set to 19:30 with the random function on, the timer will activate randomly between 19:33 to 20:03.

if timer 1off was set to 23:00 with the random function on, the timer will activate randomly between 23:02 to 23:32.

To avoid overlapping, make sure to leave a minimum of 31 minutes gap between different sets of timer.

6. Manual control

Displayed features:

ON : socket turns on.

OFF : socket turns off.

AUTO : socket turns on/off automatically via timer.

Manual ON setting

Press [ON/AUTO/OFF" button to switch from [AUTO" to [ON".

This mode allows socket of the device to power up. Power indicator will light up.

Manual OFF setting

Press [ON/AUTO/OFF" button to switch from [AUTO" to [OFF".

This mode turns socket of the device off. Power indicators will turn off.

7. Electrical parameters

Operating voltage : 230VAC

Battery : NiMh 1.2V

Power consumption : < 0.9W

Response time : 1 minute

Power output : 230VAC/16A/3680W

Q&A

Q: Why won`t my timer turn on?

A: It`s out of battery, you can charge the timer by plugging onto any power outlet. Charge the device for at least 15 minutes. Then press [RESET " button to reset the device.

Q: Can I set seconds of the timer?

A: No, the smallest time unit is minute.

Q: Does my timer keeps old settings without being plugged onto a power outlet?

A: Yes, the timer has an internal battery, it allows the timer to save settings without a power outlet.

Q: Is the battery rechargeable?

A: Yes, the battery is rechargeable. We recommend to charge it for 4 hours so the battery is fully charged.

Q: Does the timer needs internet connection?

A: The timer does not need internet.

Q: Does the screen have back light function?

A: It doesn`t support back light.

Digital Timer Socket, Timing Switch Socket, Electronic Timer Socket, Timer Socket

NINGBO COWELL ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.cowellsockets.com