As we all know, noise issues are a frequent and significant challenge in sound systems like those used in stage performances and live sound reinforcement. The noise produced by these systems can vary greatly depending on the source. It might stem from numerous factors, and sound engineers need to carefully analyze and address each situation individually. Generally speaking, noise can originate from three primary areas: first, improper connections between devices; second, inherent noise within the devices themselves; and third, interference from the power supply.
**Tip 1: Addressing Noise from Improper Device Connections**
In audio systems, a common issue arises from how devices are interconnected. If connections aren’t done correctly, it can lead to lower system performance, increased noise, or even malfunctions. Here are some key points to keep in mind during connections:
Firstly, ensure proper impedance matching. Most audio equipment is designed using a bridging method, where the output impedance is low, and the input impedance is high. This design choice is based on the assumption that signals are typically transmitted over short distances and require high-quality transmission without significant load-induced changes affecting the signal quality. In practice, professional audio gear follows these principles, ensuring compatibility through standard connectors. When designing a sound reinforcement setup, impedance considerations are usually minimal. However, when one output needs to feed multiple devices, a signal splitter or preamp is often used to match the impedance requirements effectively.
For amplifiers and speakers, their connection should follow the rated output impedance of the amplifier and the input impedance of the speakers. An amplifier with an output impedance of 4Ω or 8Ω can be connected to either type of speaker. Connecting a 4Ω speaker will yield more power than an 8Ω speaker. Alternatively, two 8Ω speakers can be connected to operate at 4Ω.
**Tip 2: Mitigating Inherent Device Noise**
A sound system consists of various components such as microphones, DVD players, mixers, effect processors, equalizers, compressors, crossover units, amplifiers, and speakers. Each of these components has the potential to generate noise. To identify the exact source of noise, it’s essential to test the inherent noise levels of each component.
To begin troubleshooting, turn on the system following the signal flow sequence. Once powered on, if noise emanates from the speakers, first disable the wireless microphone receiver to check if the noise persists. If it stops, then the noise originates from the wireless microphone receiver. If not, other components can be checked sequentially.
**Tip 3: Combating Power Supply Interference**
One of the most significant sources of power supply noise on stage comes from lighting thyristors. In theaters and dance halls, brightness is adjusted not by varying the voltage from 0 to 220V but by controlling the thyristor's conduction angle via an electronic circuit. This process modifies the conduction area of the AC sine wave, altering power transmission.
Consequently, the clean sinusoidal waveform of the power supply becomes distorted into a jagged pattern, creating a noticeable 50Hz ripple. This interference manifests in the sound system as significant noise. To mitigate this interference, the best solution is to dedicate two phases of a three-phase power supply to lighting and reserve the third phase for the sound system. This separation helps prevent thyristor-related noise interference.
By addressing these common noise issues systematically, sound engineers can significantly enhance the clarity and reliability of their audio systems, ensuring a superior listening experience for audiences.
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