(Original title: The meaning of life in a world without work)
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Netease Technology News May 25, according to foreign media reports, today's work may disappear within a few decades. As artificial intelligence overcomes humanity in more and more missions, it will replace humans in more and more jobs. Of course, with the development of technology, there will be many new careers that suit humans: for example, virtual world designers. But such a career may require more creativity and flexibility. It is unclear whether a 40-year-old unemployed taxi driver or insurance agent can reshape himself as a qualified virtual world designer. .
The key issue is not to create new jobs. The key issue is to create new jobs for humans to overcome the program. So by 2050, there may be a new class of people. This may be a useless class, not only unemployed but disabled.
Through the universal basic income plan, it may be able to provide and support the unemployed. But the real problem is how to avoid this part of people from doing nothing. People must carry out some purposeful activities or they will fall into madness and chaos. What if people who are doing nothing do all day?
One answer may be computer games. People with economic savings may spend more time in the 3D virtual reality world. Compared to the outside world, this will bring them more excitement and emotional input. In fact, this is a very old solution. For thousands of years, billions of people have found meaning in playing virtual reality games. In the past, we called these virtual reality games "religion."
If religion is not a virtual reality game where millions of people participate together, what is religion? Many religions have created some fictional laws. These laws only exist in people's imagination. If you pray every day, you will get points. If you forget to pray, you will lose points. If at the end of your life, you get enough points, then after you die, you can upgrade to a high-level game (this is heaven).
As religion shows us, this kind of virtual reality game does not need to be surrounded by an isolated box. Instead, it can be superimposed on physical reality. In the past, this was accomplished using human imagination and sacred books, and in the 21st century, it could be completed entirely with a smartphone.
Some time ago, I played virtual reality game Pokemon with my six-year-old nephew Martan and went out to find the Pokémon. As we walked down the street, Mattin constantly looked at his smartphone and tried to find the Pokémon around us. Because I did not carry a smart phone, I did not see any Pokémon. Then we saw that the other two children in the street were also looking for Pokémon, and we almost had a conflict with them. This is somewhat similar to the various religions’ struggle for the Holy City of Jerusalem. When you see Jerusalem, you see only stones and buildings. There is no holiness anywhere. However, when you introduce through the book, you will see the omnipresent holy land and angels there.
The idea of ​​finding meaning in life through similar virtual reality games is certainly not only religion, but also includes people’s secular ideology and lifestyle. Consumerism is also a kind of virtual reality game. You can earn points by buying new cars, buying luxury goods, or vacationing abroad. If you have more points than others, you will tell yourself that you have won the game.
You may object to this and say that people really like their cars and holidays. This is of course true, but religious people really like to pray and perform rituals. My nephew really likes to hunt Pokémon. In the end, the real reaction always takes place in the human brain. Whether the neuron is stimulating the brain by looking at the pixels on a computer screen, through the beauty seen at Caribbean resorts, or by seeing heaven in the mind, is this kind of stimulation important? In all cases, what we think of as meaning is produced by our own mind. This is not really "in there." As far as our scientific knowledge is concerned, human life has no meaning. The meaning of life is always a fictional story that we humans create.
The anthropologist Clifford Geertz described this phenomenon in his 1973 groundbreaking article Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight: In Bali, people spend a lot of time and money fighting chickens. Both the betting and the cockfighting process have well-designed ceremonies, and the final results of the competition have a major impact on the social, economic and political status of the cockfighting parties and the audience.
Fighting cock is so important to Bali. Even when the Indonesian government announced that this activity was illegal, people ignored the law and continued to fight with the risk of being arrested and fined. For Balinese people, cockfighting is a kind of “deep gameâ€. The game becomes a reality because it gives too much practical significance. For people in Bali, it can be argued that Argentine football or Israeli Judaism are similar depth games.
In fact, there is a particularly intriguing group in Israeli society whose existence provides us with a unique laboratory for studying how we can live in the post-work world. Of the extremely orthodox Jews in Israel, a large proportion of men never work. They have studied the Bible and performed religious rituals throughout their lives. However, they and their family members have not yet starved to death because, on the one hand, their wives are at work, on the other hand, the government has provided them with a large amount of subsidies. Although they usually live in poverty, the government subsidies make them not lack of necessities.
This is the universal basic income. The survey shows that although these ultra-orthodox Jews never work and live in poverty, their life satisfaction is even higher. In the survey of global life satisfaction, Israel is almost always at the forefront, partly because of the merits of these orthodox Jewish people.
In fact, the landscape of the post-work world can be seen everywhere. If you have a teenager who likes computer games, you can do your own experiments. Give him a minimum living allowance such as Coca-Cola and pizza, then no longer ask for work or study, and cancel all parental supervision. The possible result is that he will stay in his room and keep his eyes away from the screen. He will not do any homework or housework, go to school, skip meals, or even take a bath or sleep. But he will not feel bored or aimless. At least not in the short term.
Therefore, in the post-work era, virtual reality may be the key to finding meaning for the useless class. These virtual reality may be generated inside the computer. Perhaps new religions and ideologies will emerge outside the computer. Perhaps this will be a combination of the two. The possibilities are always endless. No one knows what kind of depth games will be available in 2050.
In any case, the disappearance of work does not mean the end of meaning. Because meaning is born of imagination, not through work. Only in some ideologies and lifestyles is work essential. The English nostalgia of the 18th century, today’s ultra-Orthodox Jews, and children of all cultures and times, have no jobs in their lives and have found a lot of interest and meaning. In 050, people may develop unprecedented depth games to build more complex virtual worlds.
But what is the truth? What is the reality? Do we really want to live in such a world? Is a billion people indulging in fantasy, pursuing the void and obeying the world of ideas? In fact, whether you like it or not, this is the world we have lived for thousands of years. (晗冰)
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