As an international product safety testing and certification organization, UL is also the founder of US product safety standards. In the United States, UL certification has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts; in China, UL is mainly to help customers pass the UL certification test as soon as possible, to win more time and greater confidence for customers to win international orders.
China is a major producer and seller of lighting electrical products. The lamps and lanterns exported mainly include various table lamps, wall lamps (fluorescent lamps), chandeliers, various craft lamps, small night lamps, work lamps, portable lamps, holiday lighting and so on. However, as far as the UL certification test is concerned, many of the materials, structures and other details of these products are often ignored by the manufacturers, and many manufacturers are not well aware of the UL certification test requirements, so they are in a hurry when applying for the UL certification of their products, even There was a feeling of luck when it came to the experimental stage. When the problem is exposed, it often takes a lot of time and even leaves a lot of bad impressions on his international order customers. Therefore, these shortcomings should be taken seriously and solved. Below I summarize some details of the lighting certification test and the main aspects of the test, etc., for your reference, if there are any shortcomings, please feel free to correct me.
Self-ballasted light (energy saving lamp)
According to UL1993, the testing standard for self-ballasted lamps, the main test items are:
1. Input parameter measurement
In this test, the working position of the energy-saving lamp is placed with the lamp head facing up. The sample of the energy-saving lamp tested must be ignited for 100 hours at a rated voltage of 120V, and then it can be detected that it can be activated normally. Input parameters were then tested on these samples, including current, power, and power factors. The result of the judgment is that the current cannot be greater than 110% of the rated current, and the power cannot exceed 110% of the rated power. According to these, the manufacturer can pre-test it by himself.
2. Weight limit test
The design of energy-saving lamps must meet the parameter requirements of the following table
Note: The maximum torque refers to the maximum torque that the lamp cap is subjected to after installation. Generally speaking, when the energy-saving lamp is installed horizontally, the distance from the center of the lamp cap to the point where the center of gravity of the energy-saving lamp is located is multiplied by the weight of the lamp itself.
3. Safety test of threaded lamp holder
In accordance with the provisions of UL496/CSA C22.2 No.84-95, the threaded head of the energy-saving lamp must be able to withstand an axial pull of 20 lbs (89 N) for 1 minute and withstand a 20 lbs-in (2.26 Nm) head rotation torque test. The lamp cap cannot be rotated, displaced, pulled off, chipped, etc. The nailing on the base can achieve close positioning and assembly between the metal base and the plastic body. Of course, there are other methods, such as gluing. However, thermal expansion and contraction may affect the adhesion properties of the adhesive.
4. Leakage current test
Generally, the leakage current of a lamp using a fluorescent tube is larger than that of a lamp using an incandescent lamp, and the leakage current limit of the self-ballasted lamp is 0.5 mA. This is a comprehensive indicator, which may be related to the spatial distribution of the current-carrying parts of the product itself, the size of the gap of the outer casing, etc. Although 0.5mA is not a very demanding indicator, if the manufacturer is not sure, it is recommended to send the sample first. Go to our company's laboratory to do a thorough test on this indicator.
5. Normal / abnormal working temperature test
This includes two tests: normal operation and abnormal operation (deactivation of the lamp components).
The energy-saving lamp was mounted with the lamp head facing up in a cylindrical mounting box having a diameter of 152 mm and a depth of 216 mm with the opening of the cylinder facing downward. The sample is first subjected to normal working temperature measurement, and the stability of each measured point (generally at least 3 hours) is recorded, and then the abnormal working state is completed until the end.
The abnormal working state refers to the deactivation operation state of the fluorescent tube portion, specifically, the one end (a pair of wires) on the original energy-saving lamp is cut off to be connected to one end of the other lamp (a pair of input wires). Above, the two lamps have only one end connected to the circuit of the energy-saving lamp. The energy-saving lamp is preferably designed to contain a fuse to prevent the abnormal working state from continuing for a long time, thereby causing the temperature of each temperature to be measured to exceed the limit.
Temperature testing is an important part of the UL certification test for luminaires. All electronic components, circuit boards, plastic materials and internal conductors of energy-saving lamps have certain temperature limits. Manufacturers should use various components and plastic materials that have been certified by UL, and guarantee a certain heat-resistant temperature level. On, to ensure that the temperature test can pass smoothly.
6. Insulation withstand voltage test
The key point is that the outer casing of the lamp itself has a small assembly gap and the assembly mating surface has a certain misalignment, so that it can withstand the high pressure of 2500V applied on the live parts and the outer casing plastic. In addition, it should be ensured that these mating surfaces and plastic materials are working properly. It will not melt and deform so that it should be insulated.
7. Fault condition test of components
The test mainly evaluates whether the components in the lamp are under the fault condition of simulating short open circuit, whether the lamp has the material to melt, the exposed body is exposed, and the flame and other dangers are generated. In addition, the fuse in the line (recommended by the manufacturer must be designed to include fuses in the line) can be operated normally and in time. Components to be tested include capacitors, diodes, coils, and the like.
8. Drop test
The sample was freely dropped from a 0.91 m high place onto a wooden board. After the test, the outer casing could not be cracked and still withstand the 2500V high voltage insulation withstand voltage test.
9. Molded stress test
The luminaire samples were placed in an oven for 7 hours to heat. The oven temperature is set to 70 ° C or the maximum temperature of the outer casing plastic measured in the temperature test is plus 10 ° C. For the energy saving lamp, according to the temperature measurement of the outer casing obtained in the normal temperature test, the temperature required for the general oven is set. Both will exceed 70 ° C, according to our laboratory summary should be around 140 ° C. After the test, the sample could not be melted or broken.
10. Mechanical strength of the casing
The shell impact test is required, that is, a shock ball with a weight of 0.5 kg is freely dropped from the air to the outer casing of the impact device, and the energy of the impact can correspond to the following table, and the outer casing should not be broken after the test.
11. Voltage test of circuit board
The energy-saving lamp contains a ballast circuit, and the working voltage of each point in the circuit is inconsistent. There may be a large voltage difference at some points, and the distance between the points on the circuit board is small, so the component failure test is performed. In addition, this test is required in consideration of insulation safety between points on the board. Mainly require manufacturers to have certain attention in the circuit design, spacing, and technical aspects of soldering. The long component pins should be tightly clamped with appropriate size. The tin point should not be too large, but generally this The test is not very harsh.
Here, most of the tests involved in energy-saving lamps are introduced. It may be necessary to add a small amount of supplementary tests depending on the structure of the specific product. However, as long as the above tests can be successfully passed, the additional tests will not be too difficult.
In addition, you need to pay attention to:
1. The above mentioned energy-saving lamp housing does not include a glass tube portion;
2. The components involved in the luminaire should use UL-certified components, even circuit boards, and bushings for the pins. UL-certified components should be used.
3. The outer casing plastic must be made of UL-certified plastic material. The manufacturer can select the appropriate grade of plastic material according to the highest shell temperature that the product itself will produce. It is not necessary to be too high, but because the shell plastic directly carries the current-carrying metal parts. Contact, so the flame resistance rating should reach level V.
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